Significant Progress Achieved in Research on Nanocrystalline 304 Stainless Steel Sheets

Recently, the research team led by Wang Shenggang at the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, achieved a significant breakthrough in the field of nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel sheets. Through deep rolling technology, they successfully enhanced both the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel sheets for the first time, clearing a key obstacle for the industrial application of bulk nanometallic materials.

Since the concept of nanomaterials emerged in the 1980s, nanopowders and thin-film materials have seen widespread adoption. However, the interaction between stress and corrosion has made it challenging to simultaneously enhance the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of nanocrystalline/ultrafine-grained metallic structural materials during service. This has been a key factor hindering their industrialization. By controlling total rolling deformation, deformation per pass, and rolling temperature, the team produced martensite-free nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel sheets with uniform microstructures. This approach became pivotal in mitigating the negative impact of stress-corrosion interaction on mechanical and corrosion resistance, thereby enhancing both properties. Compared to conventional 304 stainless steel (TPC-304), these sheets exhibit enhanced resistance to high-temperature oxidation, corrosion, and strain fatigue.

(The figure illustrates the differences in strain fatigue, electrochemical corrosion, stress corrosion, and high-temperature oxidation performance between nanocrystalline steel and conventional 304 stainless steel.)

This breakthrough not only resolves the longstanding challenge of balancing mechanical and corrosion properties in traditional nanomaterials but also introduces a novel research paradigm in materials science through its valence electron structure theory. The technology is now ready for industrialization, poised to advance lightweight, long-lasting, and eco-friendly development in downstream equipment applications.

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